Electroweak structure of the nucleon, meson cloud, and light-cone wave functions

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Abstract
The meson-cloud model of the nucleon consisting of a system of three valence quarks surrounded by a meson cloud is applied to study the electroweak structure of the proton and neutron. Light-cone wave functions are derived for the dressed nucleon as pictured to be part of the time a bare nucleon and part of the time a baryon-meson system. Configurations are considered where the baryon can be a nucleon or a Δ and the meson can be a pion as well as a vector meson such as the ρ or the ω. An overall good description of the electroweak form factors is obtained. The contribution of the meson cloud is small and only significant at low Q2. Mixed-symmetry S′-wave components in the wave function are most important to reproduce the neutron electric form factor. Charge and magnetization densities are deduced as a function of both the radial distance from the nucleon center and the transverse distance with respect to the direction of the three-momentum transfer. In the latter case, a central negative charge is found for the neutron. The up and down quark distributions associated with the Fourier transform of the axial form factor have opposite sign, with the consequence that the probability to find an up (down) quark with positive helicity is maximal when it is (anti)aligned with the proton helicity.

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