Vitamin D Deficiency and Muscle Strength in Male Alcoholics

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Abstract
Chronic alcoholism may be complicated by proximal muscle weakness associated with a selective atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. The histopathological findings are non-specific as identical changes are seen in proximal muscle weakness associated with various metabolic myopathies, including osteomalacia. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the dominant quadriceps and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D] were measured in male alcoholics and control subjects to determine whether vitamin D deficiency contributed to proximal muscle weakness. In both groups MVC declined with age and was related to body build. The distribution of plasma 25-(OH)D was skewed in alcoholics, with the mean significantly lower than in control subjects. Seventeen per cent of patients (but none of the control subjects) had pronounced biochemical deficiency [plasma 25-(OH)D < 10 nmol/l]. Alcoholics were significantly weaker than control subjects, even after correcting for the effects of age, height and weight. The severity of associated liver disease (cirrhosis vs no cirrhosis) did not influence muscle strength. Variations in plasma 25-(OH)D and albumin made an insignificant contribution to the difference in MVC observed between patients and control subjects. We conclude that proximal muscle strength is reduced in chronic alcoholism but that is not due to associated vitamin D [25-(OH)D] deficiency or alcoholic cirrhosis.