Using the clinical records of a child guidance center, presenting symptoms were studied for 165 male and female children and adolescents of whom 108 were later hospitalized for schizophrenia while 57 achieved an adequate adjustment in areas of work and interpersonal relationships. For the males, neurotic symptoms[long dash]general anxiety, phobias (including school phobia), obsessional traits and hysterical traits[long dash]in childhood and adolescence were positively associated with later schizophrenia. There was no such relationship for females. The results were interpreted in the context of sex role standards, and possibilities are noted for long-term prediction of psychopathology in males.