Distribution and structure of identified tonic and phasic synapses between L-neurones in the locust ocellar tract

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Abstract
The ulrastructures and distributions of the discrete anatomical synapses which constitute two distinct types of output connections made by individual ocellar L-neurones, L1–3, are described. Outputs to neurones L4–5 are excitatory and transmit tonically, whereas reciprocal connections among the three L1–3 neurones are inhibitory and incapable of transmission for longer than a few milliseconds. The tonically transmitting synapses are located in the lateral ocellar tract and are made between the axons of L1–3, which do not receive inputs, and short branches of L4–5, which make no outputs. Each excitatory connection is composed of a few hundred discrete anatomical synapses, each characterised by a bar-shaped presynaptic density which is 0.15–1.5 m̈m in length and associated with a large number of round synaptic vesicles. Two postsynaptic profiles are apposed to each presynaptic density. Associated with tonic synapses are abundant invaginations of the presynaptic membrane. Synapses of the reciprocal, inhibitory, phasic connections occur in the protocerebral arbors of L1–3, among numerous output synapses of these neurones. Each phasic connection is composed of a few tens of discrete anatomical synapses. Each bar-shaped presynaptic density is associated with two postsynaptic profiles, and is 0.1–1.0 m̈m long. Compared with the tonic, excitatory connection, there are fewer vesicles and fewer invaginations of the presynaptic membrane associated with each synapse.