Taste aversions to mother's milk: The age-related role of nursing in acquisition and expression of a learned association.

Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
Development of taste aversion learning to novel cues contained in mother''s milk was examined in rat pups. Pups receiving distinctive milk by experimenter-delivered oral infusions followed by toxicosis formed an aversion to the dam''s diet. Robust aversions were learned as early as 10th day and were retained for at least 11 days. When the same distinctive milk was obtained directly from a foster mother through nursing, only weanling-age pups (> 20 days) formed an aversion. X-ray analysis of nipple location in the mouths of suckling pups suggested that pups between the ages of 10-21 days receive milk at a similar tongue locus. Flavored milk was then delivered at specific time intervals in controlled quantities through tongue cannulas implanted at loci corresponding to the nipple position shown by the X-rays. Cannulated preweanling pups that were attached to a nipple during milk delivery failed to associate the taste cue with illness; both preweanlings off the nipple and weanlings on the nipple acquired aversions to the taste cue in the milk. Apparently pups of all ages are incapable of expressing a taste aversion in a nursing situation and preweanling pups in particular are also deficient in acquiring aversions within a suckling context. Inability of preweanling pups to acquire taste aversions in a nursing situation may result from a failure to associate taste cues with illness rather than a failure to detect taste cues obtained from a nipple.