The NADH oxidase system (external) of muscle mitochondria and its role in the oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH

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Abstract
An exo-NADH oxidase system [NADH oxidase system (external)], effecting intact-mitochondrial oxidation of added NADH, was studied in pigeon heart mitochondria. Breast muscle mitochondria showed an equal specific activity of the system. The exo-NADH oxidase activity (200 micron mol of NADH/min per g of protein) equalled two-thirds of the State-3 respiratory activity with malate + pyruvate or one-seventh of the total NADH oxidase activity of heart mitochondria. The activity was not caused by use of proteinase in the preparation procedure and all measured parameters were very reproducible from preparation to preparation. The activity is therefore most likely not due to preparation artefacts. The exo-NADH oxidase system is present in all mitochondria in the preparation and is not confined to a subpopulation. The system reduced all cytochrome anaerobically and direct interaction with all cytochrome oxidase was demonstrated by interdependent cyanide inhibition. The exo-NADH oxidase system seems to be located at the outer surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane because, for instance, only this system was rapidly inhibited by rotenone, and ferricyanide could act as acceptor in the rotenone-inhibited system (reductase activity = 20 times oxidase activity). In the presence of antimycin, added NADH reduced only a part of the b-cytochromes. Freezing and thawing the mitochondria, one of the methods used for making them permeable to NADH, destroyed this functional compartmentation. The characteristics of the exo-NADH oxidase system and the malate-aspartate shuttle are compared and the evidence for the shuttle's function in heart in vivo is re-evaluated. It is proposed that oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH in red muscles primarily is effected by the exo-NADH oxidase system.

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