Population Dynamics and Age Relationships of 8 Tree Species in Navajo National Monument, Arizona

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Abstract
The presence of 3 major archeological ruins dating from the 11th-13th centuries proved the primary motivation for including Navajo National Monument in the National Parks System. Also included in the monument are some unique ecosystems, especially a small relict of mountain vegetation found in Betatakin Canyon. As visitor pressures mount annually, proper management of these unique ecosystems becomes highly important. Since trees are the dominant features of these ecosystems and are central to management considerations, the present work examined populations of 8 major tree species [Acer negundo, Juniperus osteosperma, Pinus edulis, Populus fremontii, P. tremuloides, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus gambelii, Tamarix ramosissima] in the monument. The objectives of this study were to develop age prediction equations for tree species growing in Navajo National Monument, and to assess the present age profiles, reproductive recruitment and density relationships of these trees populations. Variations in the growth-ring widths of trees have been used for many years to date wood and to garner information on past climates. Ring width variations have been studied to ascertain differences in the environments of selected habitat and to assess site quality with reference to timber production. Although stem diameter measurements have long been used to predict tree age and ascertain population status, it is difficult to use data from one area to extrapolate to conditions in other areas. Because of these difficulties and because of the absence of such data on northeastern Arizona plant communities, this study provides useful baseline information.

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