Prosthetic Replacement of the Hip in Dogs Using Bioactive Bone Cement

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Abstract
Total hip arthroplasties were performed in dogs using bioactive bone cement consisting of silane treated CaO-MgO-SiO2-P2O5-CaF2 glass powder as the filling particles and bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate based resin as the organic matrix, and the outcomes were compared with the results of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. The mechanical properties of the bioactive bone cement were stronger than the mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. The bonding strength of the bioactive bone cement to bone in dogs' femora increased with time, reaching 4.7 MPa at 6 months, whereas that of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement did not increase, remaining at 1.0 MPa. Results of histologic examination showed direct bonding between the bioactive bone cement and bone, and the bony trabeculae around the cement mantle grew with time. However, in polymethylmethacrylate bone cement, an intervening soft tissue layer was evident at the bone cement interface. Direct bonding of the bioactive bone cement at the interface through an apatite layer of 30 microm in thickness was shown through observation with the scanning electron microscopy. Using this bioactive bone cement in clinical settings may help alleviate serious problems associated with cemented total hip arthroplasty, such as aseptic loosening of the implant and mechanical failure of the bone cement.