Abstract
A biobehavioral view of research on aging is suggested, according to which behavior depends upon the limits set by genetic heritage, the modifications and reinforcements of physical and social environments, and the self-concept achieved through the integration of past-life experiences. Cognitive and social behaviors in later adulthood may have resulted from forces of selection, e.g., counterpart theory (biologically based later-life changes are associated with early-life characteristics subject to pressures of selection) and the survival advantage which later-life behaviors, such as wisdom, may confer upon younger members of the family or tribe. The area of stress research and theory may provide a rapprochement between the biological and social sciences. Also discussed are sex differences in longevity and decision-making.

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