The interdependence of staff and patient doses in interventional radiology.

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Abstract
Staff doses arising from the use of X-rays are principally due to scattered radiation. This is related to the dose received by the patient expressed as the dose-area product (DAP). Doses to patients in interventional radiology are generally higher than for other fluoroscopically guided procedures. Doses to interventional radiologists are, therefore, amongst the highest associated with the use of diagnostic X-rays. The results of staff dose monitoring normalized to DAP should provide an indicator of those procedures which are associated with particularly high radiation exposures to staff, and should help to identify those radiologists whose practice may result in unnecessarily high doses to themselves. A study has been made of patient doses in two X-ray rooms used for interventional procedures associated with vascular and liver diseases. Doses to radiologists in these rooms were normalized to DAP. It was found that the average doses to the body, neck and hands were 0.05, 0.89 and 2.45 microSv/(Gy cm2), respectively for those radiologists with no significant involvement in hepatobiliary procedures. Higher doses were found for one radiologist whose workload included biliary drainage. The whole body dose was 0.17 microSv/(Gy cm2) or 5.8 mSv per year. It was shown that the doses to the neck and hands for the biliary drainage work was 6.59 and 29.0 microSv/(Gy cm2), respectively. This study has demonstrated the value of DAP as a measure of radiologist workload in respect of its significance in terms of staff dose.