Thrombin-Inhibitory Activity of Whale Heparin Oligosaccharides1

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Abstract
Whale heparin was partially digested with a purified heparinase and the oligosac-charide fractions with 8–20 monosaccharide units were isolated from the digest by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, followed by affinity chromatography on a column of antithrombin III immobilized on Sepharose 4B. A marked difference in the inhibitory activity for thrombin in the presence of antithrombin III was observed between the high-affinity fractions for antithrombin III of octasaccharide∼hex-adecasaccharide and those of octadecasaccharide∼eicosasaccharide. The disac-charide compositions of these hexadeca-, octadeca-, and eicosasaccharides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after digestion with a mixture of purified heparitinases 1 and 2 and heparinase. The analytical data indicated that the proportions of trisulfated disaccharide (IdUA(2S)al→4GlcNS(6S)) and disulfated disaccharide (UA1→4GlcNS(6S)) increased with the manifestation of high thrombin-inhibitory activity, while that of monosulfated disaccharide (UA1→ 4GlcNS) decreased. The present observations, together with those so far reported, suggest that the presence of the former structural elements, specifically IdUA(2S)αl→4GlcNS(6S), as well as the antithrombin Ill-binding pentasaccharide at the proper positions in the molecules of whale heparin oligosaccharides is essential for the manifestation of high inhibitory activity for thrombin in the presence of antithrombin III. The structural bases for the manifestation of the anticoagulant activity of whale and porcine heparins and their oligosaccharides are also discussed.