Adenoviral gene transfer to the neonatal rat pulmonary circulation

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Abstract
Background: Gene delivery to the pulmonary circulation has been studied in adult animals, but has not been extensively investigated in neonates.Methods: We tested the ability of recombinant, replication‐defective adenovirus to transduce the pulmonary circulation when delivered by percutaneous ventricular puncture. Five‐day‐old rat pups were injected with 107 to 1010 particles (approximately 105 to 108 pfu) in 30 µl total volume.Results: Using RT‐PCR, we detected transgene expression in both lung and liver at all dosages. However, whereas only 1/6 pups injected with 107 particles had detectable expression, 8/9 pups in the two highest dose groups had detectable expression. In the highest dose group expression was approximately 5‐fold greater in lung than liver, though in the lower dose groups no difference between lung and liver was found. Expression decreased by only 25% from day 4 through the last time point at day 28 in lung, whereas liver expression was undetectable in 7 of 9 samples on day 28. Histopathological examination demonstrated expression both within the media of large arteries and in small, peripheral arteries and capillaries, with a concentration of expression in the most distal areas of both the lungs and liver. No evidence of inflammation was seen.Conclusions: We conclude that the neonatal pulmonary circulation can be effectively transduced using systemic adenoviral vector injection, has more sustained expression than liver, and may be a target for therapeutic gene delivery. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.