Mergers and galaxy assembly

Theoretical considerations and observational data support the idea that mergers were more frequent in the past. At redshifts $\text{z=2}$ to 5, violent interactions and mergers may be implicated by observations of Lyman-break galaxies, sub-mm starbursts, and active galactic nuclei. Most stars in cluster ellipticals probably formed at such redshifts, as did most of the halo and globular clusters of the Milky Way; these events may all be connected with mergers. But what kind of galaxies merged at high redshifts, and are present-epoch mergers useful guides to these early collisions? I will approach these questions by describing ideas for the formation of the Milky Way, elliptical galaxies, and systems of globular clusters.