Statistical Theory of Magnetic Susceptibility of an Imperfect Gas

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Abstract
The linear response of an imperfect gas in thermal equilibrium to a nonuniform external magnetostatic field is studied, using a linked-diagram evaluation of the grand partition function. Account is taken of the molecular structure, of short-range molecular interaction and correlation, and of the long-range dipole-dipole interaction. In addition, a multipole expansion of the molecular interaction leads to the consideration of interaction terms, not heretofore studied, of order lower than or the same as that of the well-known dipole-dipole terms. The contributions of these terms are eliminated by a summation of graphs, which is an operational generalization of the conventional gauge transformation. The final result is a virial expansion of the Clausius-Mossotti function.