Snail bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyltriclosan in a north texas, usa, stream affected by wastewater treatment plant runoff
Top Cited Papers
- 1 August 2008
- journal article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Vol. 27 (8) , 1788-1793
- https://doi.org/10.1897/07-374.1
Abstract
Grazing by freshwater snails promotes nutrient turnover in algal communities. Grazed algal compartments may include antimicrobial agents and metabolites, such as triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), and methyltriclosan (MTCS), which are incompletely removed by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processing. The present study quantifies snail bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for TCC, TCS, and MTCS at the outfall of Pecan Creek (TX, USA), the receiving stream for the city of Denton (TX, USA) WWTP. Helisoma trivolvis (Say) is ubiquitous and thrives under standard laboratory conditions, leading to its choice for this bioaccumulation study in conjunction with Cladophora spp. Along with providing substrate for epiphytic growth, Cladophora spp. provide a source of food and shelter for H. trivolvis. After being caged for two weeks, algae and snails were collected from the WWTP outfall, along with water-column samples, and analyzed by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for TCS and MTCS and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for TCC. Algal and snail samples were analyzed before exposure and found to be below practical quantitation limits for all antimicrobial agents. Triclocarban, TCS, and MTCS in water samples were at low-ppt concentrations (40–200 ng/L). Triclocarban, TCS, and MTCS were elevated to low-ppb concentrations (50–300 ng/g fresh wt) in caged snail samples and elevated to low-ppb concentrations (50–400 ng/g fresh wt) in caged algal samples. Resulting snail and algal BAFs were approximately three orders of magnitude, which supports rapid bioaccumulation among algae and adult caged snails at this receiving stream outfall. The results further support TCC, TCS, and MTCS as good candidate marker compounds for evaluation of environmental distribution of trace WWTP contaminants.Keywords
This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- Toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead in aquatic invertebratesPublished by Elsevier ,2003
- Trophic transfer and passive uptake of a polychlorinated biphenyl in experimental marine microbial communitiesEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2001
- Response of a zooplankton community to the addition of unsaturated fatty acids: an enclosure studyFreshwater Biology, 2000
- Effects of invertebrates in lotic ecosystem processes.Published by CABI Publishing ,2000
- On the influence of food quality in consumer–resource interactionsEcology Letters, 1999
- Biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls through a riverine food webEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997
- The Role of the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, In Contaminant Cycling: II. Zebra Mussel Contaminant Accumulation from Algae and Suspended Particles, and Transfer to the Benthic Invertebrate, Gammarus fasciatusJournal of Great Lakes Research, 1994
- The biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls, toxaphene, and DDT compounds in a Lake Michigan offshore food webArchives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1991
- Overwinter Tissue Degrowth in Natural Populations of Freshwater Pulmonate Snails (Helisoma Trivolvis and Lymnaea Palustris)Ecology, 1984
- The Chemical Ecology of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say), The Snail Host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon: The Search for Factors in Media Conditioned by Snails which Inhibit their Growth and ReproductionJournal of Applied Ecology, 1975