Animal Model for Investigation of Spinal Cord Injury Caused by Aortic Cross-Clamping

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Abstract
The objective of this experimental protocol was to design a large animal model that could simulate the ischemic condition caused by aortic cross-clamping during the operation for intrathoracic and thoraco-abdominal aneurysm. Domestic swine weighing 25 to 30 kg were used for this model. The thoracic cavity was opened through the fourth intercostal space. Cross-clamp was applied below the left subclavian artery. Duration of cross-clamp was 30 min and the reperfusion period was 24 h. Methods of assessment included Tarlov's criteria, histology transmission electron microscopy, and spinal cord perfusion with microspheres. This model is reproducible. The results of experimental protocols completed using this model are referenced. This article discusses the details of the experimental protocol with steps toward reproduction of the model and rationalization. This animal model can be used for the evaluation of the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and sensory- and motor-evoked potentials, and most importantly it can also be used for the examination of pharmacological interventions for prevention and treatment of ischemia reperfusion injury caused by aortic cross-clamping.