Losses of nitrogen and other plant nutrients to drainage from soil under grass

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Abstract
Summary: Drainage lysimeters were used to estimate actual transpiration of a perennial ryegrass sward; this is compared with the calculated values for potential transpiration. Losses to drainage of nitrate nitrogen (NO3–-N) under differing levels of application of nitrogen fertilizer were examined. When 250 kg N/ha were applied annually losses of NO3-N were negligible; when 500 kg N/ha were applied up to 142·9 kg N/ha were lost to drainage. Concentration of NO3-N in the leachate with an application of 250 kg N/ha was low (1–5 ppm); with 500 kg N/ha the concentration ranged from 10 to 109 ppm. Losses of NO3–-N were particularly severe during winter following a dry autumn. When drainage occurred during the growing season losses were minimal.Concentrations and quantities of K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, Cl and S (as sulphate) leached wore also examined.