Effects of cholinergic drugs on receptive field properties of rabbit retinal ganglion cells

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Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells were recorded extracellularly from the rabbit''s eye in situ to study the effects of cholinergic drugs on receptive field properties. Physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and nicotine increased the spontaneous activity of nearly all retinal ganglion cell types. The effectiveness of physostigmine was roughly correlated with the neuron''s inherent level of spontaneous activity. Brisk cells, having high rates of spontaneous firing, showed large increases in their maintained discharge, whereas sluggish cells, with few or no spontaneous spikes, showed small and sometimes transient increases in spontaneous activity during physostigmine. The sensitivity of ganglion cells to spots of optimal size and position did not change substantially during the infusion of physostigmine. The responsiveness to light (number of spikes per stimulus above the spontaneous level) increased. This effect occurred with sluggish and more complex cells, rarely with brisk cells. Another effect of physostigmine on sluggish and more complex cells was to make these cells on-off. The additional response to the inappropriate change in contrast had a long latency and lacked an initial transient burst. Complex receptive field properties such as orientation sensitivity, radial grating inhibition, speed tuning and size specificity were also examined. These inhibitory properties were still present during infusion of physostigmine and, in most cases, the trigger feature of each cell type remained. These results are consistent with pharmacological results on ACh [acetylcholine] release from the retina. There appear to be 2 types of release of ACh, having their most powerful influences on separate classes of cells. One release (transient) occurs at light onset and offset and acts primarily on sluggish and more complex ganglion cells; the other release (tonic) is not light-modulated and acts primarily on brisk cells. A wiring diagram for the ACh cells is suggested.