Variation in the frequency of Epstein–Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's disease with age

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Abstract
A number of studies in developed countries have reported variation in the frequency of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated Hodgkin's disease (HD) with age. A ‘three disease’ model for HD that incorporates the EBV association, histological subtype of HD and age has recently been proposed. In this model, Hodgkin's disease of childhood and older adults is commonly EBV-associated and of mixed cellularity type, whereas young adult HD is generally not EBV-associated and is usually characterised by nodular sclerosis disease. A case series of HD diagnosed in the West Midlands between 1981 and 1997, inclusive, was used to investigate the applicability of the ‘three disease’ model. In situ hybridisation for the EBV early RNAs (EBERs) was used to determine the presence of EBV in the malignant Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg cells. In contrast to the ‘three disease’ model, nodular sclerosis was the predominant subtype in each of the age groups within the case series. In addition, overall there was little variation in EBV-positive rates across the age ranges examined. However, when females were analysed separately, older women (45+ years) were significantly more likely to have EBV-positive disease than their younger counterparts (<45 years). in summary our results do not generally support the ‘three disease’ model.