Opioids, Noradrenaline and GTP Analogs Inhibit Cholera Toxin Activated Adenylate Cyclase in Neuroblastoma × Glioma Hybrid Cells

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Abstract
D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalin, morphine, and noradrenaline inhibit the adenylate cyclase in homogenates of neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells in a dose-dependent manner even after the enzyme has been preactivated by cholera toxin. Half-maximal inhibition and extent of inhibition are the same with native or cholera toxin-activated enzyme. The inhibitions caused by opioids or noradrenaline are antagonized by naloxone or phentolamine, respectively. The effect of D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalin on cholera toxin-activated enzyme is immediate in onset and rapidly reversed by the addition of naloxone. Guanyl-5′-yl-imidodiphosphate stimulates basal activity but inhibits the enzyme activated by cholera toxin or prostaglandin E1. Stimulation occurs at a concentration of 100 μM or above, inhibition even at 0.1 μM. The inhibitory effect of the non-hydrolysable GTP analog is antagonized by GTP. Guanyl-5′-yl-methylenediphosphonate, another nonhydrolysable GTP analog, inhibits basal as well as cholera toxin-stimulated or prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase. Other guanine derivatives such as GDP, GMP, cyclic GMP, guanyl-5′-yl-phosphoric acid amide and guanosine have no effect under the same conditions. The results may be taken as a piece of evidence for two separate guanyl nucleotide-binding sites accompanying the adenylate cyclase in the hybrid cells and mediating, respectively, stimulation and inhibition of the enzyme by hormones.

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