Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes

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Abstract
In the last few years there has been an explosion of research that has improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and has led to the development of new oral antidiabetic drugs. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the newest of these antidiabetic agents. TZDs are insulin sensitisers that depend on the presence of insulin for their action. They target insulin resistance, which is thought to play a central role in DM-2 and the associated metabolic syndrome characterised by central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hypercoagulability, all leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a result, TZDs have the potential to improve other conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome, in addition to their glycaemic action. TZDs act by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a nuclear receptor implicated not only in lipid and glucose metabolism but other physiological functions as well. TZDs may have wide clinical applications beyo...