Higher-level relationships of caenophidian snakes inferred from four nuclear and mitochondrial genes
- 1 September 2002
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Cellule MathDoc/Centre Mersenne in Comptes Rendus Biologies
- Vol. 325 (9) , 987-995
- https://doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0691(02)01509-3
Abstract
Higher-level caenophidian snake relationships are inferred from sequence analyses of one nuclear gene (C-mos) and three mitochondrial genes (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ND4). Caenophidians, which are haenophidian closest relatives, have an Asiatic origin. An African clade comprising atractaspidids, psammophiines, ‘lamprophiines’ and ‘pseudoxyrhophiines’ is identified. We discern no evolutionary trend such as an improvement of the venom apparatus with a linear progression from the absence of a venom system to the presence of a front-fanged one. The venom apparatus is contemporary with the origin of colubroids and its absence in a few lineages results from secondary losses. The front-fanged venom system appeared three times independently. The active diurnal foraging mode (associated with a high metabolic rate) appears in a derived position among colubroids. Les relations phylogénétiques entre les familles actuelles de Caenophidia sont inférées par analyses d’un gène nucléaire (C-mos) et de trois gènes mitochondriaux (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, ND4). Les Caenophidia, qui sont le groupe frère des Haenophidia, ont une origine asiatique. Un clade africain comprenant les Atractaspididae, les Psammophiinae, les « Lamprophiinae » et les « Pseudoxyrhophiinae » est mis en évidence. Nous ne discernons pas de tendance évolutive telle que le perfectionnement de l’appareil venimeux, avec une progression linéaire depuis l’absence de ce dernier jusqu'à la présence de crochets à venin en position avancée sur le maxillaire. L’appareil venimeux est contemporain de l’origine des colubroïdes ; son absence au sein de quelques lignées résulte de pertes secondaires. La position avancée des crochets venimeux sur le maxillaire est apparue trois fois indépendamment. Le mode de chasse actif et diurne, associé à un métabolisme élevé, apparaît en position dérivée au sein des colubroïdes.Keywords
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