A comparison of skeletal and dental changes produced by Function Regulators (FR-2 and FR-3)

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Abstract
The lateral skull radiographs of subjects taken before and after treatment with the FR-2 (N=99) and FR-3 (N=30) of Frankel were compared to contrast the effects of each appliance. The major skeletal effect of both appliances was on the mandible, the FR-2 group showing a significantly greater annual increase in total length and ramus height (P<0.001) and the FR-3 group a significant change in position downward and backward facilitated by an opening of the cranial base angle. The greater annual increase in lower facial height, compared with a control group, seen in both FR groups was accompanied by a reduction in overbite, which was greater in the FR-2 group. The favourable change in overjet seen in both FR groups was contributed to by alteration in upper and lower incisor inclination.

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