PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF DIPHTHERIA TOXOIDS IN SUBMERGED CULTURE: I. PRESENCE OF BOVINE ANTIGENS

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Abstract
Papain digest of beef broth (P.D.B. broth) was used to grow Corynebacterium diphtheriae in submerged culture, and high potency diphtheria toxins were produced. It was found that the resultant toxoids could sensitize animals to beef proteins. Guinea pigs immunized with deep culture toxoid in complete Freund's adjuvant exhibited anaphylaxis when challenged with beef serum. When aluminium phosphate and Bordetella pertussis were used as adjuvant or when the toxoid was given alone (i.e. without adjuvant) the responses to beef serum were reduced but the sensitivity to beef was still observed. Deep culture toxoids from three other manufacturers were tested and showed similar properties. When concentrated P.D.B. broth was used as a challenge dose, anaphylactic reactions were also noted, indicating that P.D.B. broth, as usually prepared, contained bovine antigens.