Abstract
The kinematic, primary and secondary handling regimes are analysed. The design factors contributing to the understeer gradient are reviewed and representative values for a modern car are presented. The effects of three types of differential are considered, as are tractive forces on free differentials, aerodynamic forces, the effect of load increments and the effects of turning radius. Secondary handling is investigated and the main contributing factors to the non-linearity of steer angle and attitude angle are quantfied.

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