Abstract
Convolution formulas for the inelastic structure functions of a nucleus are derived using the ‘‘instant’’ form of relativistic particle dynamics, and are contrasted with other convolution approaches. Using only physical nucleon constituents and harmonic oscillator shell model wave functions, the magnitude of the dip in the European Muon Collaboration ratio in the intermediate range of x is reproduced. The calculations of this ratio fail to come back up towards unity as x decreases below 0.4, and possible reasons for this are discussed.