A Simplified Method of Staining Thin Sections of Biological Material with Lead Hydroxide for Electron Microscopy

Abstract
It has been found that the contrast in thin sections prepared for electron microscopy, and stained with a saturated solution of lead acetate, may be increased by exposure to NH4OH vapor. Apparently, increased binding of lead by proteins occurs with increasing pH - thus lead acetate (pH 5.9) gives a light general electron stain, lead hydroxide (pH 8.15) a heavy general stain, while monobasic lead acetate (pH 7.0) selectively stains cell components known to contain nucleo-protein.

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