Immediate and long-term prognoses of acute myocardial infarction: Analysis of determinants of prognosis.

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Abstract
In order to investigate the immediate and long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction, we followed up 790 consecutive patients who were admitted to the Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital within 24 hours after the onset of infarction from January 1975 to December 1984 and evaluated early mortality, cumulative survival rate after discharge, cause of death and occurrence of recurrent myocardial infarction during follow-up. Early mortality (within 30 days after the onset) in all patients was 17.6% and declined serially in the most recent five years. Pump failure was the most common cause of death, followed by cardiac ruptured and arrhythmias. Age, gender (female), presence of a previous infarct and anterior infarction were important contributing factors to the immediate prognosis. One hundred and thirty-five of the 651 patients who survived one month after the onset of infarct died during the follow-up period (mean follow-up interval: 41.0 .+-. 29.9 (SD) months). Cumulative survival rates calculated by the life-table method at one and 5 years after the onset were 91.0% and 76.0%, respectively, and the average annual mortality in the first 5 years was 4.8%. Age and reinfarction were the important determining factors of long-term prognosis. Recurrent myocardial infarction, pump failure and sudden cardiac death were common causes of late death. One hundred and two reinfarctions in 93 patients occurred during the follow-up period. Thirty-two of 93 patients (34.4%) died due to fatal reinfarction. These results indicate that the immediate prognosis of acute myocardial infarction has improved serially, but the long-term prognosis is still poor. Thus, it is necessary to follow up a patient with acute myocardial infarction carefully and to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction during the posthospital period.