A flightless mutation in the wasp Habrobracon juglandis

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Abstract
A recessive flightless (fls) mutation in Habrobracon has been described. Mutant wasps do not initiate flight under any conditions. Fate mapping using diploid-haploid gynandromorphs indicate that the focal point for fls is localized in the anterior ventral portion of the blastoderm fate map. This location of the flightless focus is consistent with the gene defect being in muscle or nervous tissue. Dissections after Bouin's fixation revealed differences between normal and mutant indirect flight muscles. Electron microscopy of the flight muscles showed normal ultrastructure in flightless wasps.