Force relationships of the running long jump

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Abstract
The horizontal and vertical force-time relationships that occur at the take-off board for the Running Long Jump are presented. These relationships are manipulated using the impulse-momentum equations of physics to yield the take-off velocities in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is shown that the maximum vertical force exerted at take-off is not the sole parameter, but the combination of the force, impulse, and mass of the athlete is the primary factor. It is also shown that the horizontal forces that exist at take-off act to decrease the horizontal take-off velocity.

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