Encystment and Polymer Production by Azotobacter vinelandii in the Presence of β-Hydroxybutyrate

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Abstract
Cells of Azotobacter vinelandii encysted in Burk9s nitrogen-free liquid media which had been supplemented with n-butyl alcohol, β-hydroxybutyrate, or crotonate. Butyraldehyde and butyrate did not influence the extent of encystment. In the absence of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate enhanced the rate and extent of encystment. In the presence of glucose, it promoted abortive encystment, which was manifested by the disorganization of the exine and the release of a highly viscous material into the medium. The soluble, viscous polymer was separated from the medium by a series of ethyl alcohol precipitations and identified as a mucopeptide. It was cleaved by treatment with lysozyme and lysostaphin with a concomitant increase in reducing power. It contained 13.9% N; 56% amino acids, as alanine (alanine, lysine, and glutamic acids); and 42% hexosamines. The polymer appeared to be similar to a noncross-linked peptidoglycan. Images

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