β2‐Adrenoceptor stimulation augments the IL‐4‐induced CD23 expression and release and the expression of differentiation markers (CD14, CD18) by the human monocytic cell line, U 937

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Abstract
The effect of β2-adrenoceptor agonists and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the CD23 expression on, and release from, the human promonocytic cell line, U 937, was investigated. As assessed by flow cytometry, incubation of U 937 cells in the presence of salbutamol, fenoterol or IL-4 induced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in CD23 expression, that was maximal after 48 hr and followed by a decrease thereafter. In addition, salbutamol potentiated the effect of IL-4, the optimal concentration of the drug being a function of the concentration of this cytokine. This synergy between IL-4 and β2-adrenoceptor agonists was also observed for the release of the soluble form of CD23. The effect on CD23 expression of salbutamol and fenoterol, but not of IL-4, was blocked in the Wesence of d, l-propranolol (1 μm) or butoxamine (1 μm). The α-adrenoceptor agonist, norepinephrine (1 μm), was ineffective in inducing CD23 expression or potentiating the one evoked by IL-4. Salbutamol down-regulated the expression of FcγRI (CD64) and Fc, RII (CD32) whereas IL-4 was ineffective. Only when added together at the onset of the culture did salbutamol and IL-4 induce, after 48 hr, the expression of the monocyte marker, CD 14. The expression of CD 18 was up-regulated in response to salbutamol either alone or in combination with IL-4, this cytokine alone being inefficient. These data suggest that IL-4 and β2-adrenoceptor agonists induce differentiation of U 937 cells into monocyte-like cells.
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