Levamisole in the Treatment of Non-invasive and Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Preliminary Report

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Abstract
A double-blind, randomized, controlled study was done in 37 patients with transitional cell carcinoma in which levamisole was used as an immune adjuvant in addition to standard therapy for noninvasive and invasive bladder cancer. Levamisole is administered easily and is well tolerated, especially when compared to other immune adjuvants, such as BCG or Corynebacterium parvum. Recall antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity and total lymphocyte count demonstrated little correlation to the initial stage of disease. Monocyte chemotaxis was increased significantly in patients receiving levamisole. Since this study is ongoing no data exist as yet to make any statement regarding the efficacy of levamisole in the treatment of bladder cancer.