Call differences and calling site segregation in anuran species from central Amazonian floating meadows

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Abstract
The acoustic behaviour of 15 sympatric and synchronically breeding species of frogs in an area of floating meadows near Manaus (Brazil) was studied for a period of 8 months. The calling positions of each species can be identified with certain physiognomic types of vegetation. Sound analyses were used to compare the mating calls. The main variables are dominant frequency, call duration and pulse repetition rate. Each of the 15 species has a distinct mating call and differs from the acoustic behaviour of each other one. Eleven species are separated in their dominant frequency ranges within their specific calling sites. Species sharing emphasised frequency ranges within identical calling sites differ greatly in at least two temporal variables. The roles of calling position, spectral, and temporal features of mating calls in species recognition and premating reproductive isolation are discussed.