The ultrastructure of knobbed bull spermatozoa

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Abstract
A defect of the sperm acrosome, called knobbing has been associated with sterility in the bull and other mammals. It is apparently an autosomal sex-linked recessive characteristic in Friesian bulls. Semen was collected in an artificial vagina from a bull with a high proportion of affected spermatozoa and examined with an EM. The apical acrosomal extension comprised 2 lobes, an inner major and outer minor. They were both bounded by the outer acrosomal membrane which is, in turn, surrounded by the plasma membrane. The posterior portion of the minor lobe probably frequently fuses with that of the major resulting in a long vesicle. Occasional departures from the form described may be found.

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