The Mycoflora of a Continuously Cropped Soil in Israel, with Special Reference to Effects of Manuring and Fertilizing

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Abstract
A comparative study of the soil mycoflora was carried out under semiarid conditions in the central coastal plain of Israel in a trial, running continuously from 1923, where various manure and fertilizer treatments are applied to an unirrigated 5-year rotation of maize, berseem clover, wheat, purple vetch, and oats. Of 147 spp. identified in 2044 isolates, those dominant were Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. ustus, A. wentii, Penicillium janthinellum, P. lilacinum, P. steckii, Alternaria humicola, A. tenuis, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. solani. The spp. include 3 Phycomycetes, 11 Ascomycetes and 15 Deuteromycetes not previously recorded as soil fungi in semiarid climates. In plots supplied annually with NPK fertilizers or once in 5 years with cow manure, the number of fungal isolates greatly exceeded that on unfertilized controls. But no relation existed between fertility level and number of fungal spp. under the various treatments.

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