Tumor Necrosis Factor in Humans

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Abstract
When immune cells are stimulated in a variety of ways, they release soluble proteins called cytokines. Because of their far-reaching effects on many different types of cells and tissues, cytokines can be considered hormones. Among the cytokines, interferon and the interleukins are well established as important mediators of the inflammatory response. Only in the past decade has it been recognized that macrophages also make a cytokine that is responsible for most, if not all, of the major manifestations of endotoxin shock. The discovery of cachectin and of its identity with tumor necrosis factor engendered great excitement because it suggested new . . .