Interaction of Universities and Industrial Enterprises in Germany and the United States-A Comparison
- 1 June 1999
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Industry and Innovation
- Vol. 6 (1) , 51-68
- https://doi.org/10.1080/13662719900000004
Abstract
The available quantitative data document a dynamic increase of university-industry relations within the last two decades in Germany as well as in the United States. However, the ways in which industrial funding is provided for academic research and the institutional arrangements for supporting university-industry relations are quite different in the two countries. The paper finds that American structures support long-term and open-ended co-operation, whereas in Germany, the dominant form of contract research primarily supports short-term problem solving with predefined results.Keywords
This publication has 10 references indexed in Scilit:
- Science-based technologies: university–industry interactions in four fieldsResearch Policy, 1998
- The Organisation of Interdisciplinarity — Research Structures in the Areas of Medical Lasers and Neural NetworksPublished by Springer Nature ,1996
- The Role of the Scientific Community in the Generation of TechnologyPublished by Springer Nature ,1996
- Technologietransfer in DeutschlandPublished by Duncker & Humblot GmbH ,1996
- Technological communities and the diffusion of knowledgeR&D Management, 1992
- Analysing The Economic Payoffs From Basic ResearchEconomics of Innovation and New Technology, 1992
- Academic research and industrial innovationResearch Policy, 1991
- University—Industry Relations: A Review of Major IssuesPublished by Springer Nature ,1989
- Innovation Is Not a Linear ProcessResearch Management, 1985
- Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic scienceMinerva, 1984