Effects of Certain Growth Substances on the Growth and Morphogenesis of Immature Embryos of Capsella in Culture

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Abstract
The effects of certain growth substances on the growth and morphogenesis of heart-shaped and older embryos of Capsella are described. IAA at 0.0001 and 0.001 mg/liter promoted growth of the primary root, hypocotyl, and cotyledons and induced initiation of embryonic leaves in both light- and dark-grown embryos of all ages. Higher concentrations of IAA were proportionately less effective and 1.0 and 10.0 mg/liter caused callus formation. The responses of the embryos to NAA, indoieacetonitrile and 2,4-D were similar. Gibberellic acid was more effective than auxins in promoting elongation of the root and hypocotyl in light- and dark-grown embryos. The effects of different concentrations of kinetin included inhibition of growth of the primary roots, promotion of expansion of embryonic leaves and initiation of callus growth. Adenine sulfate also inhibited root growth in embryos of all ages, and induced precocious leaf expansion in older embryos. The possible role of a changing balance of plant hormones during normal embryogenesis is discussed.