Imaging of superficially growing tumors by delayed observation of laser-induced fluorescence

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Abstract
Images of superficially growing tumors marked with prophyrin-based photosensitizers (Photofrin II, P4P-mD) were recorded in vivo by delayed observation of fluorescence following pulsed laser excitation. A pulsed, solid state, widely tunable laser system was used together with an intensified CCD camera. The ratio of the fluorescence radiant exitances of tumor and normal tissue taken as contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue was studied systematically by varying excitation wavelength and delay time between the optical pulse and the opening of the intensifier of the CCD camera. The dependence of this ratio on excitation wavelength was explained qualitatively using a simple one-dimentional mathematical model, taking the penetration depth of the exciting laser radiation and the thickness of the tumor and the layer of normal tissue above it into account. Besides fluorescence images, delayed fluorescence emission spectra of tumor and normal tissue were recorded in vivo.

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