Adaptation to high-fat diet and carbohydrate-induced satiety in the rat

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Abstract
Causes of the transient suppression of food intake occurring when rats adapted to high-fat, carbohydrate-free (HF) diets are switched to low-fat, high-carbohydrate (HC) diets were investigated. The diets were matched in density of calories and other nutrients. Rats fed the 2 diets did not differ in caloric intake or wt gain. When HF rats were shifted to HC diet intake decreased by about 20% and recovered in the course of 1 wk of control levels, while a HC-HF shift was followed by only 1 day of decreased intake. Caloric intake was more suppressed in HF- than HC-adapted rats following intragastric glucose loads, whereas oil or protein loads had equal suppressive effects in both groups. Stomach emptying of carbohydrate but not of fat was retarded and activities of 3 disaccharidases in the intestinal mucosa were lower in the HF rats. There was also a postabsorptive accumulation of glucose in HF rats following carbohydrate administration. Hyperglycemia was more marked after intragastric and intraaortal glucose administration, and i.p. infused [14C]glucose was oxidized to 14CO2 slower in HF-adapted rats. Intraaortal glucose infusion also led to an exaggerated reduction in food intake in these animals. The relation of these data to theorized mechanisms by which digestion and metabolism of ingested carbohydrate may induce satiety were discussed.

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