The route and significance of endogenous synthesis of alkaloids in animals

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Abstract
There is now substantial evidence that several TIQs and beta-carbolines are present in vivo and increase during certain pathological conditions. It still remains to be determined, however, precisely what roles they play in endogenous functions and whether or not they are critical for the expression of these pathological conditions. Accumulating biochemical information continues to support the notion that these compounds can act as false transmitters. The exciting new findings, which will certainly receive a great deal more attention, concern the interaction of some of the beta-carbolines with the benzodiazepine receptor. Determining if a beta-carboline is an endogenous receptor ligand will attract further research interest on the theoretical and specifically clinically-directed levels. Biochemical, morphological, and behavioral data indicate that some of the condensation products can act as neurotoxins. Very few experiments have included an examination of long-term effects of exposure to one of these alkaloids, so the amount of information on this issue is limited. Chronic rather than acute administration of an alkaloid is more likely to mimic the pathological states in which these compounds are hypothesized to play a role. Biochemically, both the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been shown to be affected by chronic treatments with certain alkaloids. Progressive and long-term behavioral alterations also have been reported. Such changes may reflect an adaptation to an increase or decrease in activity of particular systems or a neurotoxic action.