Functional redundancy of the zinc fingers of A20 for inhibition of NF‐κB activation and protein–protein interactions

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Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inducible protein A20 is a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor‐κB (IκB)‐mediated gene expression in response to TNF and several other stimuli. The C‐terminal domain of A20 is characterized by seven zinc finger structures. Here, we show that a minimum of four zinc fingers is required to inhibit TNF‐induced nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation to a level that is comparable to that obtained with the wild‐type A20 protein. However, there was no strict requirement for a particular zinc finger structure, since a mutant A20 protein containing only the first four zinc fingers was as potent as a mutant protein containing only the last four zinc fingers. A similar functional redundancy of the A20 zinc fingers was also observed for binding of A20 to a number of other proteins, including two novel NF‐κB inhibitory proteins (ABIN‐1, ABIN‐2), A20 itself, the anti‐apoptotic protein TXBP151, and a regulatory component of the IκB kinase complex, IKKγ. Moreover, we demonstrate that complete loss of binding of any of these proteins correlates with complete loss of A20's ability to inhibit TNF‐induced NF‐κB activation. However, binding of IKKγ as such is not sufficient for inhibition of NF‐κB dependent gene expression in response to TNF.