Generalized convulsive seizures induced by daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala in cats

Abstract
Daily electrical stimulation of the amygdala in cats resulted in the progressive development of seizures through six distinct and sequential stages, culminating in a generalized convulsive seizure within an average of 25.5 days. On completion of the kindling, the generalized seizure-triggering threshold was within 100 to 300 μa, showing an all-or-none property. Electrographically, such seizure development was characterized by early distant propagation, amplitude growth of after-discharge, and development of interictal discharge along the ex-trapyramidal pathways through three distinct steps in which the mid-brain reticular formation plays a vital role in producing widespread secondary alteration and reorganization of brain function.