Relationships between microstructure and behaviour in the uniaxial tensile test

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Abstract
The present understanding of the influence of structural variables on the tensile flow strength and work-hardening behaviour of cubic metals is outlined in terms of the separate effects of crystal structure and orientation, stacking-fault energy, grain size, solution hardening, and dispersed-particle strengthening. Typical forms of uniaxial tensile stress/strain relationships obtained with different structural conditions are compared with commonly used empirical descriptions of the relationships which assume power-law work hardening. It is shown that the simple empirical equations cannot be relied upon to give precise representation of the stress/strain relationships of a wide variety of alloys because there are too many independent factors which can influence flow strength and the way in which work hardening develops. Nevertheless, simplified descriptions of work-hardening behaviour can be very useful when applied with discrimination. In this connection, knowledge of the underlying relationships between microstructure and work-hardening behaviour is helpful in guiding application.

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