Synthesis of bimodally porous titania powders by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide

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Abstract
Bimodally porous titania powders with controlled phase composition and porosity were made by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and calcination. The extent of calcination was followed by thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific surface area (SSA) of the powders ranged from 10 to 500 m2/g as determined by nitrogen adsorption. The SSA increased by decreasing either the water concentration during hydrolysis or the calcination temperature. The pore size distribution was bimodal with fine intraparticle pore diameters at 1–6 nm and larger interparticle pore diameters at 30–120 nm as determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The particle phase composition as determined by x-ray diffraction ranged from amorphous to crystalline anatase and rutile largely proportional to the calcination temperature and to a lesser extent on the initial H2O/TTIP molar ratio.