Bright white organic light-emitting diodes based on two blue emitters with similar molecular structures

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Abstract
We show that highly efficient and chromatically stable white organic electroluminescent devices can be obtained, based on two blue emitters with similar structures: 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-anthracene (ADN) and 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-terbutyl-anthracene doped with yellow-orange emitting 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) at ultralow doping concentrations (0.01%–0.05%). The relative intensity of the blue and orange-yellow emissions could be fine-tuned by varying the doping concentrations of rubrene in the host to achieve pure white emission. The energy-transfer mechanism of ADN and rubrene with ultralow doping concentrations is discussed in terms of the long excitondiffusion distance of ADN.