Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in the Liver and Plasma Cytokine Levels in Endotoxin-Induced Rat Liver Injury

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Abstract
Background: The interactions between polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) have been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury. It has been also reported that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) up-regulates ICAM-1 expression on SECs and that interleukin-8 (IL-8) provokes rapid activation of CD11/CD18 on PMNs. These findings expand into the relationship between the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules (ICAM-1. CD11a/CD18 and CD1lb/CD18) in liver tissues and plasma TNF and IL-8 levels after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were treated with 2mg LPS/kg intravenously in a 0.2- to 0.25-ml volume. Liver and blood samples were obtained at 1, 3, 8, and 12 h after LPS exposure. Plasma TNF and IL-8 levels were measured using bioassay and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Liver samples were fixed and studied by immunohistochemistry using specific monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1, CD11a, and CD11b. Results: The TNF level showed a peak at 1h (23.3 ± 11.41U/ml), and the IL-8 level showed a peak at 3h (343.1 ± 110.5 ng/ml) after LPS exposure. An increase in the number of PMNs in the liver was observed as early as 1 h and continued until 12 h after LPS exposure. PMNs adhered to degenerated SECs and hepatocytes. ICAM-1 on SECs was diffusely and strongly expressed at 8h, and PMNs adhered to SECs expressed both CD11a and CD11b. ICAM-1 was also observed on hepatocytes. Conclusion: These data suggest that PMNSEC and PMN-hepatocyte interactions via leukocyte adhesion molecules, related to inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-8, exist and play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury.