Protective Vaccination Against Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV‐2) Infection in Mice is Associated with a Rapid Induction of Local IFN‐γ‐Dependent RANTES Production Following a Vaginal Viral Challenge

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Abstract
PROBLEM: To investigate the production of the CC chemokines RANTES, MCP‐1, and MIP‐1α in the vaginal mucosa following HSV‐2 challenge in vaccinated and unvaccinated mice. METHOD OF STUDY: The concentrations of the chemokines were determined in the vagina of HSV‐2‐vaccinated as well as unvaccinated mice after HSV‐2 challenge using a PERFEXT method combined with ELISA. RESULTS: HSV‐2 infection did not induce any measurable levels of MIP‐1α, whereas high levels of RANTES and MCP‐1 were detected in unvaccinated animals at 48 hr post challenge. The vaccinated mice developed a more rapid induction of RANTES, but not of MCP‐1, appearing as early as 24 hr post challenge. The local induction of RANTES production was preceded by a vaginal IFN‐γ response. Furthermore, vaccinated IFN‐γ−/− mice did not produce any enhanced levels of RANTES following HSV‐2 challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The protective immune response against genital HSV‐2 infection is associated with a rapid induction of local IFN‐γ‐dependent RANTES production.

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