Human immunodeficiency virus‐1‐tat induces matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in monocytes through protein tyrosine phosphatase‐mediated activation of nuclear transcription factor NF‐κB

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Abstract
We have previously shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1‐tat induces the production of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in human monocytes by a mechanism that is not understood. In the present report, we demonstrate that HIV‐tat‐induced expression of MMP‐9 is blocked by inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). PTPase inhibitors also blocked HIV‐tat‐induced nuclear transcription factor NF‐κB activation and IκBα degradation required for MMP‐9 induction. These results suggest that HIV‐tat induces MMP‐9 in human monocytes through activation of PTPase and NF‐κB.